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59 evidence-tiered profiles. Every claim is graded and traced to the research it came from.
P21 is a tiny, chemically stabilized fragment of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) designed to mimic CNTF's brain-protective effects while being small enough to cross into the brain and stable enough to survive oral or injected delivery. In animal studies it boosts the brain's own production of BDNF (a key growth factor), encourages the birth and maturation of new hippocampal neurons, strengthens synaptic connections, and reduces the abnormal 'tangling' (hyperphosphorylation) of the tau protein linked to Alzheimer's disease. Unlike full CNTF, it does not appear to suppress appetite or cause weight loss in animals. All of these findings are preclinical or anecdotal — there is no human trial data.
Cognitive enhancement / memory · Neuroprotection · Neurodegenerative disease research (Alzheimer's, Down syndrome, TBI) · Healthy aging / age-related cognitive decline
Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 is a lab-made peptide (the four amino acids Gly-Gln-Pro-Arg) attached to a fatty acid (palmitic acid). The fatty tail makes it more oil-loving so it can penetrate the skin's outer barrier and reach the deeper dermis. Its main reported action is calming chronic, low-grade inflammation in the skin by lowering the signaling molecule IL-6, which tends to rise with age and after UV exposure. By reducing this inflammatory signal, it is thought to help protect the skin's structural support (extracellular matrix) from breaking down. It is used almost exclusively as a topical anti-aging/skin-conditioning cosmetic ingredient, most famously as one of the two active peptides in the Matrixyl 3000 blend.
Skin anti-aging · Anti-inflammatory / inflammaging · Skin barrier and structural integrity · Antipollution skincare
Sources describe Pinealon as a synthetic three-amino-acid peptide (Glu-Asp-Arg, abbreviated EDR) from the Russian 'peptide bioregulator' school associated with Vladimir Khavinson. Vendor and review sources propose that its main proposed action is entering cells and interacting directly with DNA to influence which genes are switched on, particularly genes tied to neuronal function, antioxidant defense and apoptosis. In-vitro and animal reports describe it limiting reactive-oxygen-species buildup and reducing cell death under oxidative stress and low-oxygen conditions, though sources caution that many of these mechanisms are theoretical and that its blood-brain-barrier penetration and proposed pineal/melatonin and serotonin effects have not been confirmed by receptor-binding studies. Notably, sources disagree on whether it is antioxidant or pro-oxidant.
Cognitive enhancement / memory · Neuroprotection / brain aging · Longevity / anti-aging · Circadian rhythm / sleep support
Vendor and educational guides describe PTD-DBM as a synthetic peptide designed to switch a natural brake back off inside hair-follicle cells. According to these sources, the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway drives hair-follicle growth and regeneration, and a protein called CXXC5 normally acts as a brake on that pathway by binding to a signaling protein called Dishevelled (Dvl). PTD-DBM is described as carrying a Dvl-binding fragment into cells (using a cell-penetrating carrier segment) where it competes with CXXC5 for Dvl, freeing Dvl to reactivate Wnt signaling and, in mouse studies, stimulating hair regrowth and even the formation of new follicles. Sources note that in androgenetic alopecia the DHT→PGD2→CXXC5 axis raises CXXC5 and suppresses this pathway, and that PTD-DBM is proposed to reverse that suppression. Nearly all direct efficacy evidence to date comes from mice and cultured cells.
Hair growth / androgenetic alopecia · Wound healing / tissue repair · Anti-scarring / skin regeneration
SNAP-8 is a lab-made cosmetic peptide, an extended version of Argireline, designed to relax the small facial muscles that create expression lines. It is proposed to imitate part of a natural protein (SNAP-25) involved in nerve signaling, competing with that protein so the nerve releases less of the chemical (acetylcholine) that tells muscles to contract. The idea is that softer muscle contractions mean shallower dynamic wrinkles like crow's feet and forehead lines. Unlike Botox, it is described as a reversible competitor that relaxes rather than paralyzes muscles, so effects are subtler and fade when you stop using it. A major open question is whether such a large molecule can actually penetrate skin deeply enough to reach nerves.
Cosmetic / anti-aging skincare · Wrinkle reduction (topical)
Vendor and reference sources describe SYN-AKE as a small synthetic peptide designed to mimic Waglerin-1, a component of Temple Viper venom, in order to relax facial muscles and soften the appearance of expression wrinkles while still allowing normal expressions. According to these sources, it works by acting like a reversible plug at the receptor on muscle cells that normally receives the nerve signal to contract, so muscle cells stay more relaxed and expression lines are less deepened. DSM-Firmenich describes it as reducing the appearance of wrinkles and laughter lines. Multiple sources caution that independent validation is limited and that it is unproven whether a topically applied peptide actually reaches facial muscles millimeters below the skin.
Cosmetic anti-aging / anti-wrinkle · Skin appearance / expression-line reduction
Sources describe Thymalin as a polypeptide complex isolated from the thymus gland of young calves that acts as an immune regulator. Khavinson-group sources report it contains short peptides (the dipeptides EW and KE and the tripeptide EDP) that are said to bind DNA and histone proteins to influence which genes are switched on, thereby helping bone-marrow-derived precursor cells mature into T-lymphocytes and restoring balance to the immune system. Sources report it dampens pro-inflammatory signaling and enhances the activity of immune cells such as natural killer cells and phagocytes. Because it is a mixture rather than a single defined molecule, one vendor characterizes its effects as broader but less targeted than single-sequence peptides.
Immune support / immunomodulation · Longevity / anti-aging · Infection recovery · Inflammation reduction · Hematopoietic recovery (post-chemotherapy / radiation)
Reference profiles describe thymulin as a small nine-amino-acid hormone made by the epithelial cells of the thymus gland. Sources report that it only works when bound to zinc in a 1:1 ratio — the zinc-free form is described as biologically inactive, and in-vitro work reports that removing zinc with chelators abolishes activity while adding zinc back restores it. Sources report thymulin helps immature T-cells mature and differentiate, tunes the balance of T-cell subsets, boosts natural killer cell activity (an effect said to depend on adequate zinc), and dampens excessive inflammatory signaling. Because it needs zinc, sources report that serum thymulin drops in zinc deficiency and serves as a sensitive biomarker of zinc status. Profiles also note thymulin levels peak in childhood and fall with age as the thymus shrinks.
Immune modulation / immune senescence research · Anti-inflammatory research · Age-related immune decline · Zinc-status biomarker research · Neuropathic pain research (analog PAT, animal/in-vitro)
Vilon is one of the simplest possible bioregulators — a two-amino-acid peptide (lysine plus glutamic acid) developed within the Soviet-era Khavinson peptide bioregulator program. Its developers propose that, because it is so small, it can slip into the cell nucleus and bind specific DNA sequences to gently switch certain genes on or off, particularly genes involved in immunity and cell growth. In laboratory studies it appears to 'unwind' certain compacted regions of chromatin in cells from elderly people, reawakening some silenced genes, while leaving other regions untouched. In animals it has been reported to stimulate immune tissue, tune inflammatory signaling, prolong lifespan, and reduce the development of tumors. Importantly, the DNA-binding/epigenetic story is based mostly on computer modeling and cell-culture work, not confirmed in humans, and almost all of the evidence comes from a single research group.
Immune support / immunomodulation · Longevity / geroprotection · Cancer/tumor prevention research (preclinical) · Anti-inflammatory research
| Compound | Evidence | Goals | Half-life | Cost / mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| P21P21 is a tiny, chemically stabilized fragment of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) designed to mimic CNTF's brain-protective effects while being small enough to cross into the brain and stable enough to survive oral or injected delivery. In animal studies it boosts the brain's own production of BDNF (a key growth factor), encourages the birth and maturation of new hippocampal neurons, strengthens synaptic connections, and reduces the abnormal 'tangling' (hyperphosphorylation) of the tau protein linked to Alzheimer's disease. Unlike full CNTF, it does not appear to suppress appetite or cause weight loss in animals. All of these findings are preclinical or anecdotal — there is no human trial data. | Tier 3 | Cognitive enhancement / memory · Neuroprotection · Neurodegenerative disease research (Alzheimer's, Down syndrome, TBI) · Healthy aging / age-related cognitive decline | — | — |
| Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7 |
| Tier 3 |
| Skin anti-aging · Anti-inflammatory / inflammaging · Skin barrier and structural integrity · Antipollution skincare |
| — |
| — |
| PinealonSources describe Pinealon as a synthetic three-amino-acid peptide (Glu-Asp-Arg, abbreviated EDR) from the Russian 'peptide bioregulator' school associated with Vladimir Khavinson. Vendor and review sources propose that its main proposed action is entering cells and interacting directly with DNA to influence which genes are switched on, particularly genes tied to neuronal function, antioxidant defense and apoptosis. In-vitro and animal reports describe it limiting reactive-oxygen-species buildup and reducing cell death under oxidative stress and low-oxygen conditions, though sources caution that many of these mechanisms are theoretical and that its blood-brain-barrier penetration and proposed pineal/melatonin and serotonin effects have not been confirmed by receptor-binding studies. Notably, sources disagree on whether it is antioxidant or pro-oxidant. | Tier 3 | Cognitive enhancement / memory · Neuroprotection / brain aging · Longevity / anti-aging · Circadian rhythm / sleep support | — | — |
|---|
| PTD-DBMVendor and educational guides describe PTD-DBM as a synthetic peptide designed to switch a natural brake back off inside hair-follicle cells. According to these sources, the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway drives hair-follicle growth and regeneration, and a protein called CXXC5 normally acts as a brake on that pathway by binding to a signaling protein called Dishevelled (Dvl). PTD-DBM is described as carrying a Dvl-binding fragment into cells (using a cell-penetrating carrier segment) where it competes with CXXC5 for Dvl, freeing Dvl to reactivate Wnt signaling and, in mouse studies, stimulating hair regrowth and even the formation of new follicles. Sources note that in androgenetic alopecia the DHT→PGD2→CXXC5 axis raises CXXC5 and suppresses this pathway, and that PTD-DBM is proposed to reverse that suppression. Nearly all direct efficacy evidence to date comes from mice and cultured cells. | Tier 3 | Hair growth / androgenetic alopecia · Wound healing / tissue repair · Anti-scarring / skin regeneration | 2 h | — |
|---|
| SNAP-8SNAP-8 is a lab-made cosmetic peptide, an extended version of Argireline, designed to relax the small facial muscles that create expression lines. It is proposed to imitate part of a natural protein (SNAP-25) involved in nerve signaling, competing with that protein so the nerve releases less of the chemical (acetylcholine) that tells muscles to contract. The idea is that softer muscle contractions mean shallower dynamic wrinkles like crow's feet and forehead lines. Unlike Botox, it is described as a reversible competitor that relaxes rather than paralyzes muscles, so effects are subtler and fade when you stop using it. A major open question is whether such a large molecule can actually penetrate skin deeply enough to reach nerves. | Tier 3 | Cosmetic / anti-aging skincare · Wrinkle reduction (topical) | — | — |
|---|
| SYN-AKEVendor and reference sources describe SYN-AKE as a small synthetic peptide designed to mimic Waglerin-1, a component of Temple Viper venom, in order to relax facial muscles and soften the appearance of expression wrinkles while still allowing normal expressions. According to these sources, it works by acting like a reversible plug at the receptor on muscle cells that normally receives the nerve signal to contract, so muscle cells stay more relaxed and expression lines are less deepened. DSM-Firmenich describes it as reducing the appearance of wrinkles and laughter lines. Multiple sources caution that independent validation is limited and that it is unproven whether a topically applied peptide actually reaches facial muscles millimeters below the skin. | Tier 3 | Cosmetic anti-aging / anti-wrinkle · Skin appearance / expression-line reduction | — | — |
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| ThymalinSources describe Thymalin as a polypeptide complex isolated from the thymus gland of young calves that acts as an immune regulator. Khavinson-group sources report it contains short peptides (the dipeptides EW and KE and the tripeptide EDP) that are said to bind DNA and histone proteins to influence which genes are switched on, thereby helping bone-marrow-derived precursor cells mature into T-lymphocytes and restoring balance to the immune system. Sources report it dampens pro-inflammatory signaling and enhances the activity of immune cells such as natural killer cells and phagocytes. Because it is a mixture rather than a single defined molecule, one vendor characterizes its effects as broader but less targeted than single-sequence peptides. | Tier 3 | Immune support / immunomodulation · Longevity / anti-aging · Infection recovery · Inflammation reduction · Hematopoietic recovery (post-chemotherapy / radiation) | 7 h | — |
|---|
| ThymulinReference profiles describe thymulin as a small nine-amino-acid hormone made by the epithelial cells of the thymus gland. Sources report that it only works when bound to zinc in a 1:1 ratio — the zinc-free form is described as biologically inactive, and in-vitro work reports that removing zinc with chelators abolishes activity while adding zinc back restores it. Sources report thymulin helps immature T-cells mature and differentiate, tunes the balance of T-cell subsets, boosts natural killer cell activity (an effect said to depend on adequate zinc), and dampens excessive inflammatory signaling. Because it needs zinc, sources report that serum thymulin drops in zinc deficiency and serves as a sensitive biomarker of zinc status. Profiles also note thymulin levels peak in childhood and fall with age as the thymus shrinks. | Tier 3 | Immune modulation / immune senescence research · Anti-inflammatory research · Age-related immune decline · Zinc-status biomarker research · Neuropathic pain research (analog PAT, animal/in-vitro) | 0.17 h | — |
|---|
| VilonVilon is one of the simplest possible bioregulators — a two-amino-acid peptide (lysine plus glutamic acid) developed within the Soviet-era Khavinson peptide bioregulator program. Its developers propose that, because it is so small, it can slip into the cell nucleus and bind specific DNA sequences to gently switch certain genes on or off, particularly genes involved in immunity and cell growth. In laboratory studies it appears to 'unwind' certain compacted regions of chromatin in cells from elderly people, reawakening some silenced genes, while leaving other regions untouched. In animals it has been reported to stimulate immune tissue, tune inflammatory signaling, prolong lifespan, and reduce the development of tumors. Importantly, the DNA-binding/epigenetic story is based mostly on computer modeling and cell-culture work, not confirmed in humans, and almost all of the evidence comes from a single research group. | Tier 3 | Immune support / immunomodulation · Longevity / geroprotection · Cancer/tumor prevention research (preclinical) · Anti-inflammatory research | 1.2 h | — |
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